Last year I was on an adventure exploring the concept of refugia. Many animals and cultures used to be widely spread, in the past, but today, can only be found sparsely. The Canary Island flora is an example of that: ecosystems like the laurel forest used to be widespread across Europe, but went extinct during the Ice Ages, thus becoming relict species. Similarly, many Pyrenees villages still have extremely unique toponyms. The names of these villages may be related to the Euskara language. Euskara, or Basque, is only spoken today in northern Spain, but used to be widespread across the Pyrenees before languages like latin or greek arrived. These basque-related names have survived to our days, but every other trace of that language in the region is long gone.
